For those of us who aren’t professional caregivers by training, caring for a loved one with a dementia diagnosis can be extremely challenging. However, understanding the “whys” behind the symptoms associated with dementia can make caregiving a lot easier. Ahead, we’ll cover some of the most common issues and behaviors related to dementia, some of their triggers, and practical strategies for mitigation.

What is Dementia?

Dementia is a progressive biological brain condition often seen in older adults that affects memory, thinking, and behavior, leading to difficulties in communication and daily functioning. While Alzheimer’s is the most common form, other types like vascular and Lewy body come with their own symptoms and brain changes.

Since the stages of dementia affect essential cognitive functions, it can become increasingly difficult for those affected to remember events, think clearly, communicate with others, and take care of themselves. And, as the condition progresses, many activities of daily living, such as grooming, bathing, eating, and remembering medications, can become increasingly difficult as well. With added behavioral changes and safety concerns, many of those living with dementia will eventually require full-time assistance from a family caregiver, professional at-home caregiver, or a senior living community.

Why Understanding Dementia Symptoms Matters

By taking time to understand the symptoms of dementia and how they manifest, family caregivers can learn to respond to their loved ones with greater empathy and efficacy. Having the knowledge to interpret different symptoms also empowers caregivers to protect their own well-being, allowing them to continue providing quality care.

Strategies to Address Communication Issues

Any dementia-related behavior is essentially a form of communication. And when you can recognize the intent behind a loved one’s confusing words or behaviors, you’ll be able to respond more calmly and clearly. To maintain a thoughtful, effective approach, caregivers should:

• Use simple language: Speak slowly using short, easy-to-understand phrases.
• Set a positive tone: Smile and use a gentle tone of voice. Keep your body language calm.
• Watch for and offer nonverbal cues: Pay attention to their gestures and expressions and use visual cues to support communication.
• Maintain eye contact: Look into their eyes to show that you are present and engaged.
• Ask yes-or-no questions: Avoid asking complex questions or offering too many choices.
• Use redirection: If they’re upset or frustrated, gently guide them to a new topic or activity.
• Minimize distractions: Turn off any background noise and turn to face them, so you have their attention before speaking.
• Use their name: Call them by their name and identify yourself to build trust and reduce confusion.

Strategies to Address Troubling Behaviors

Older adults living with dementia typically cannot easily express what they want or need. That means a behavior that may seem upsetting or confusing at first might actually represent an unmet need. Below are some of the more troubling behaviors related to dementia, plus possible triggers and strategies for addressing them.

• Inappropriate behavior: Verbal outbursts, sexually inappropriate actions, or violence can be expressions of confusion or fear, or represent an unmet need. Try staying calm and attempting to redirect the person’s attention.
• Personal care: You can manage incontinence with a healthy toileting routine and making sure they wear supportive, easy-to-remove clothing. When it comes to bathing, adapt routines to their past habits, or use an alternative method like towel baths.
• Paranoia: Combat paranoia with reassurance and redirection; avoid arguments if you can.
• Sundowning: Reduce restlessness and confusion in the evening with structured days, calm evenings, and a safe environment.
• Wandering: People with dementia may wander due to confusion or unmet needs. To prevent wandering, identify triggers, keep home areas secure, and consider using a tracking device.
• Agitation and mood swings: Agitation is often caused by fear or loss of control. A healthy routine, a calm environment, and verbal reassurance can help ease it.
• Repetitive speech or actions (perseveration): This behavior is often rooted in anxiety or confusion and is best addressed with distractions and minimizing triggers.
• Shadowing: When a person with dementia follows or clings to a caregiver, it often stems from fear or insecurity. Strategies for mitigation include reassurance and redirection.

If you are concerned about a specific behavior and need additional support, contact your loved one’s doctor or think about hiring an at-home caregiver. Alternatively, it might be time to consider making the transition to memory care.

How Thrive Can Help

As the stages of dementia progress, you may find at-home care is not enough. But you don’t have to struggle alone. If you think the time has come for a move to senior living, consider Thrive Senior Living. Our communities provide memory care services that offer individuals with a dementia diagnosis a secure environment, compassionate care, and specialized programming.

For additional guidance, download our Caregivers Support Guide, which features tips for coping with caregiver challenges, advice for balancing dementia care responsibilities, and more. You can also call one of our senior living experts to learn more about Thrive or schedule an in-person tour of one of our communities!